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中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (05) : 514 -519. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3253.2024.05.016

综述

前列腺特异性膜抗原PET/CT在肾癌诊疗中的应用价值
谢汶歆1, 马乐2, 刘晔2, 曹晓明3, 张万春2,()   
  1. 1. 030001 太原,山西医科大学医学影像学院
    2. 030032 太原,山西医科大学第三医院核医学科
    3. 030001 太原,山西医科大学第一医院泌尿外科
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-13 出版日期:2024-10-01
  • 通信作者: 张万春
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划(20210302124177)

The application value of prostate specific membrane antigen PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma

Wenxin Xie1, Le Ma2, Ye Liu2, Xiaoming Cao3, Wanchun Zhang2,()   

  1. 1. School of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan 030001, China
    2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan 030002, China
    3. Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan 030001, China
  • Received:2023-02-13 Published:2024-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Wanchun Zhang
引用本文:

谢汶歆, 马乐, 刘晔, 曹晓明, 张万春. 前列腺特异性膜抗原PET/CT在肾癌诊疗中的应用价值[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 514-519.

Wenxin Xie, Le Ma, Ye Liu, Xiaoming Cao, Wanchun Zhang. The application value of prostate specific membrane antigen PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Endourology(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(05): 514-519.

肾癌是泌尿系常见肿瘤之一,在我国发病率呈现逐年上升趋势。准确诊断和分期对制定治疗决策有重要意义。传统影像(MRI、CT等)对肾癌淋巴结及远处转移的诊断价值有限。多项研究表明,前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)除在前列腺癌细胞高度表达外,在肾癌新生血管内皮细胞也有表达。PSMA PET/CT在肾癌的应用逐渐增多,对肾癌的初始诊断、临床分期、治疗后随访及疗效评估等方面有很大价值,尤其在检测淋巴结转移和远处转移优于传统影像。

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common tumors in the urinary system, and its incidence is increasing year by year in China. Accurate diagnosis and staging are of great significance for treatment decision-making.Traditional imaging (MRI, CT etc.) is of limited value in the diagnosis of lymph node and distant metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. A number of studies have shown that prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is not only highly expressed in prostate cancer cells, but also expressed in neovascularization endothelial cells of renal cell carcinoma. The application of PSMA PET/CT in renal cell carcinoma is increasing gradually, and it is of great value in the initial diagnosis, clinical stage, follow-up after treatment and curative effect evaluation of renal cell carcinoma, especially in the detection of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.

表1 PSMA PET/CT在肾癌应用的文献汇总
作者 年份 目的 例数 病理类型 显像剂
Raveenthiran等[5] 2019 PSMA PET/CT与CT对肾癌进行分期与再分期,是否改变患者疗治策略 38 分期(16例):8例ccRCC,8例其他;再分期(22例):20例ccRCC,1chrRCC,1例异位性RCC 68Ga-PSMA-11
Sawichi等[12] 2016 评价PSMA PET/CT对肾癌的诊断价值 6 4例ccRCC,1例pRCC,1例chrRCC 68Ga-PSMA-11
Li等[13] 2022 探讨68Ga-PSMA PET/CT在早期肾癌原发灶及转移灶的诊断价值 50 40例ccRCC,10例非ccRCC 68Ga-PSMA-11
Tariq等[14] 2021 PSMA和FDG双示踪剂PET/CT成像和传统影像比较,在肾癌分期、再分期的应用 11 10例ccRCC,1例未分类 18F−PSMA-1007
68Ga-PSMA
18F-FDG
邹思娟等[15] 2021 比较68Ga-PSMA PET/CT与18F-FDG在ccRCC术前和术后复发及转移中的探测价值 15 15例ccRCC 68Ga-PSMA-617
Meyer等[17] 2019 探讨18F-DCFPyL在寡转移ccRCC的应用价值 14 14例寡转移ccRCC 18F-DCFPyL
Rhee等[18] 2016 评估68Ga-PSMA PET/CT检测肾癌转移灶的诊断价值 10 8例ccRCC,1例pRCC,1例未分类 68Ga-PSMA-11
Rowe等[20] 2015 PSMA PET/CT对ccRCC术后再分期的临床价值 5 5例ccRCC 18F-DCFPyL
王观筠等[22] 2020 评价18F-DCFPyL在ccRCC术后复发或转移病灶诊断中的作用 12 12例ccRCC 18F-DCFPyL
Mittlmeier等[25] 2020 比较18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT和CT对接受TKI或ICIs治疗的mRCC患者中的疗效评价 11 8例ccRCC,2例pRCC,1例未分类肾癌 18F-PSMA-1007
Meng等[26] 2022 评估68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT图像中的参数在预测RCC患者原发性肿瘤中HIF-2α表达情况 53 40例ccRCC,1例pRCC,4例chrRCC,4例其他 68Ga-PSMA-11
Gao等[27] 2022 评估68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT图像中的参数预测RCC患者原发肿瘤的VEGFR-2/PDGFR-β表达情况 48 37例ccRCC,4例pRCC,3例chrRCC,4例其他 68Ga-PSMA-11
作者 检测方法 主要结果 结论
Raveenthiran等[5] CT 分期:75%(12/16)原发灶摄取显像剂,43.8%的患者因PSMA PET/CT改变治疗方法,CT与PSMA PET/CT诊断一致为37.5%。再分期:40.9%的患者因PSMA PET/CT改变治疗方法,CT与PSMA PET/CT的诊断一致为36.4% PSMA PET/CT对肾癌分期有一定价值,可改善患者治疗策略;PSMA在ccRCC表达最高
Sawichi等[12] 病理 5/5原发灶显示PSMA摄取但与周围正常肾实质的SUVmax比值较低,8/16转移灶显示PSMA摄取,所有PSMA阴性均为肺部小结节 PSMA PET/CT对诊断肾癌原发灶价值较小,对较小的肺转移灶诊断价值有限,对其他转移灶有一定诊断价值
Li等[13] CT/MRI PSMA PET/CT对ccRCC骨、淋巴结检出率较非ccRCC高,分别为95.00% vs 86.67%、98.08% vs 36.36% PSMA PET/CT是诊断ccRCC转移灶的有效方法,尤其是骨和淋巴结转移方面
Tariq等[14] CT 原发灶(5例):仅1例PET/CT优于CT;2例FDG优于PSMA,1例PSMA优于FDG,其余2例PSMA和FDG相当。转移灶(11例):45%(5/11)患者PET/CT优于CT,其中PSMA可发现更多转移灶及SUVmax值更高 PET/CT显像优于传统影像,PSMA较FDG可以更好的显示转移病灶
邹思娟等[15] 18F-FDG 68Ga-PSMA探测淋巴结转移的阳性率更高,分别为100% vs 87.5%;原发肿瘤、局部复发、淋巴结转移、骨转移灶的SUVmax68Ga-PSMA上更高 初步证明68Ga-PSMA和18F-FDG PET/CT显像对ccRCC术前和术后复发及转移的探测价值相当,但PSMASUVmax值更高
Meyer等[17] CT/MRI 18F-DCFPyL与传统影像对转移灶诊断灵敏度分别为87.9% vs 63.4%;3例(21.4%)不再被认为是寡转移患者 PSMA PET/CT更准确识别早期寡转移患者,改善患者治疗方案
Rhee等[18] CT/MRI/BS PSMA PET/CT诊断灵敏性较传统影像高,分别为92.11% vs 68.6% PSMA PET/CT对肾癌分期诊断有一定价值
Rowe等[20] CT/MRI 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT诊断灵敏度较传统影像高,分别为94.7% vs 78.9%,18F-DCFPyL PET/CT可发现更多微小淋巴结转移、骨转移病灶和罕见部位转移灶如肌肉等软组织 PSMA PET/CT有利于更准确的分期
王观筠等[22] CT 18F-DCFPyL较CT诊断灵敏度更高,分别为94.6% vs 64.9%,软组织复发和转移病灶大小与SUVmax存在正相关关系 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT对于ccRCC术后复发和转移病灶具有一定的诊断价值
Mittlmeier等[25] CT 9/11(81.8%)的患者在PET/CT和CT疗效评价不一致,6/11(54.5%)PET/CT显示完全缓解或部分缓解,CT显示疾病稳定 PSMA-PET可以早期评价治疗效果
Meng等[26] 免疫组化 病理性PSMA的染色强度在HIF-2α高表达肿瘤中明显更高 PSMA PET/CT可预测RCC原发性肿瘤中病理性HIF-2α表达情况,有助于筛选适合HIF-2α拮抗剂治疗的患者
Gao等[27] 免疫组化 PSMA染色强度在VEGFR-2阳性肿瘤和PDGFR-β阳性肿瘤中均显著较高 68Ga-PSMA-11PET/CT能预测RCC原发肿瘤中VEGFR-2/PDGFR-β的表达,有助于筛选适合TKI治疗的患者
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