| ［1］ |
Misgar RA，Mubarik I，Wani AI，et al. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a 10-year experience with 26 cases［J］. Indian J Endocrinol Metab，2016，20（4）: 475-480.
|
| ［2］ |
Ranjan SK，Navriya SC，Kumar S，et al. Emphysematous cystitis:a case report and literature review of 113 cases［J］. Urol Ann，2021，13（3）: 312-315.
|
| ［3］ |
李艳秀，曹权. 脓毒症血管活性药物的选择［J］. 江苏大学学报（医学版），2023，33（2）: 107-111.Li YX，Cao Q. Selection of vasoactive drugs for sepsis［J］. J Jiangsu Univ Med Ed，2023，33（2）: 107-111.
|
| ［4］ |
Desai R，Batura D. A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors and treatment choices in emphysematous pyelonephritis［J］.Int Urol Nephrol，2022，54（4）: 717-736.
|
| ［5］ |
Nikitha N，Satpathy PK. Study of infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus［J］. J Assoc Physicians India，2022，70（4）: 11-12.
|
| ［6］ |
Kapoor R，Muruganandham K，Gulia AK，et al. Predictive factors for mortality and need for nephrectomy in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis［J］. BJU Int，2010，105（7）: 986-989.
|
| ［7］ |
Newcomer JB，Myers CB，Chacon E，et al. Percutaneous drainage for non-operative management of emphysematous pyelonephritis:clinical characteristics and predictors of success［J］. J Clin Imaging Sci，2022，15: 59.
|
| ［8］ |
Singh U，Sankhwar SN，Kumar M. Emphysematous pyelonephritis with scrotal extension: an unusual case presentation［J］. Cureus，2023，15（9）: e45065.
|
| ［9］ |
Huang JJ，Tseng CC. Emphysematous pyelonephritis:clinicoradiological classification，management，prognosis，and pathogenesis［J］. Arch Intern Med，2000，160（6）: 797-805.
|
| ［10］ |
Koch GE，Johnsen NV. The diagnosis and management of lifethreatening urologic infections［J］. Urology，2021，156: 6-15.
|
| ［11］ |
Chaudhari P，Sawant R，Bordoloi M，et al. Non-albicans candida infection as a rare cause of emphysematous pyelonephritis in an uncontrolled diabetic patient: a case report［J］. Cureus，2024，16（3）:e57036.
|
| ［12］ |
Villasuso-Alcocer V，Flores-Tapia JP，Perez-Garfias F，et al. Serratia fonticola and its role as a single pathogen causing emphysematous pyelonephritis in a non-diabetic patient: a case report［J］. World J Clin Cases，2022，10（29）: 10600-10605.
|
| ［13］ |
Ideguchi S，Yamamoto K，Ikeda A，et al. A case of bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida albicans［J］. J Infect Chemother，2019，25（4）: 302-306.
|
| ［14］ |
Batirel A，Regmi SK，Singh P，et al. Urological infections in the developing world: an increasing problem in developed countries［J］.World J Urol，2020，38（11）: 2681-2691.
|
| ［15］ |
Wu SY，Yang SS，Chang SJ，et al. Emphysematous pyelonephritis:classification，management，and prognosis［J］. Tzu Chi Med J，2022，34（3）: 297-302.
|
| ［16］ |
Bhat SK，Srivastava A，Ansari NA，et al. Emphysematous pyelonephritis in type 2 diabetes - clinical profile and management［J］.Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl，2021，32（6）: 1646-1654.
|
| ［17］ |
Li S，Wang J，Hu J，et al. Emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis:a case report and literature review［J］. J Int Med Res，2018，46（7）:2954-2960.
|
| ［18］ |
Huang JJ，Tseng CC. Emphysematous pyelonephritis:clinicoradiological classification，management，prognosis，and pathogenesis［J］. Arch Intern Med，2000，160（6）: 797-805.
|
| ［19］ |
Lu YC，Chiang BJ，Pong YH，et al. Emphysematous pyelonephritis:clinical characteristics and prognostic factors［J］. Int J Urol，2014，21（3）: 277-282.
|
| ［20］ |
Gite VA，Shaw V，Agrawal M，et al. Minimally invasive techniques as a first line approach in the management of emphysematous pyelonephritis - a single centre experience［J］. J Postgrad Med，2021，67（3）: 146-153.
|
| ［21］ |
Misgar RA，Mubarik I，Wani AI，et al. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a 10-year experience with 26 cases［J］. Indian J Endocrinol Metab，2016，20（4）: 475-480.
|
| ［22］ |
Hinkamp CA，Keshvani N. Emphasising classification in emphysematous pyelonephritis［J］. Lancet，2020，395（10230）: 1145.
|
| ［23］ |
Kone K，Mallikarjun NT，Rams MDRKK. Mortality in emphysematous pyelonephritis: can we reduce it further by using a protocol-based treatment？ The results of a prospective study［J］. Urol Ann，2022，14（1）: 73-80.
|
| ［24］ |
安恒庆，陈兴发，姜华，等. 上尿路疾病经皮穿刺途径诊疗安全共识［J］. 现代泌尿外科杂志，2021，26（2）: 107-111.An HQ，Chen XF，Jiang H，et al. Safety consensus on diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract diseases by percutaneous puncture［J］.J Mod Urol，2021，26（2）: 107-111.
|
| ［25］ |
Somani BK，Nabi G，Thorpe P，et al. Is percutaneous drainage the new gold standard in the management of emphysematous pyelonephritis？ Evidence from a systematic review［J］. J Urol，2008，179（5）: 1844-1849.
|