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中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (03) : 288 -295. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3253.2025.03.002

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放疗在肌层浸润性膀胱癌保膀胱治疗中的应用现状及优化减毒策略
何海霞1, 白守民1,()   
  1. 1. 510120 广州,中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院肿瘤科放疗专科
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-19 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 白守民
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(82303407)广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515012497)广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021A1515111135)

The utilization of radiotherapy in bladder-sparing treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and the refinement of strategies to minimize toxicity

Haixia He1, Shoumin Bai1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
  • Received:2024-07-19 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Shoumin Bai
引用本文:

何海霞, 白守民. 放疗在肌层浸润性膀胱癌保膀胱治疗中的应用现状及优化减毒策略[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 288-295.

Haixia He, Shoumin Bai. The utilization of radiotherapy in bladder-sparing treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and the refinement of strategies to minimize toxicity[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Endourology(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(03): 288-295.

随着患者对生活质量的重视增加,保膀胱治疗已经成为肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)患者的一种重要选择,三联治疗(TMT)作为经典的保膀胱治疗方案不仅生活质量明显提高,疗效也与手术相当。目前TMT 的应用已逐渐多样化,本文通过分析不同TMT 治疗中放疗的应用方式及毒性情况,发现降低全盆腔放疗剂量,肿瘤局部增量放疗,减少放疗范围及分段间隔放疗可以降低放疗毒性反应,免疫治疗可以提高完全缓解率从而延长生存期,但放疗最佳模式与化疗及免疫治疗的最佳组合方式目前尚无定论,仍需进一步深入探讨。

Bladder-preserving therapy has become an important option for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) due to the increasing value on the quality of life.As a classical bladder-preserving treatment option, trimodality treatment (TMT) not only maintains a significantly better quality of life but also has comparable efficacy to surgery.TMT has been widely used in various applications.Through analyzing the application and toxicity of radiotherapy in different TMT treatments, this article found that reducing the dose of whole pelvic radiotherapy, increasing the dose for radiotherapy with localized tumors, decreasing the scope of radiotherapy and splitting the process of radiotherapy can reduce the radiotherapy toxicity and immunotherapy further increase the complete response (CR) rate and then improve survival.However, the optimal modes of radiotherapy and combinations of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are still unclear and need further discussion.

表1 诱导化疗模式在膀胱癌患者保膀胱治疗的前瞻性研究结果
表2 根治性放化疗模式在膀胱癌患者保膀胱治疗的前瞻性研究结果
表3 分段放化疗模式在膀胱癌患者保膀胱治疗的前瞻性研究结果
研究作者(年份) 分期 总例数 诱导化疗方案 化疗周期 放疗方案 同期化疗方案 放疗后CR率
Mitin[24] (2013) T2-4aNxM0 93 - - 盆腔20.8 Gy,膀胱28.3 Gy,肿瘤40.3 Gy,13 d TP/PF TP组:89%;PF组:82%
Coen[25](2019) T2-4aNxM0 66 - - PF组:盆腔20.8 Gy,膀胱28.3 Gy,肿瘤40.3 Gy,13 d;单周G组:盆腔20 Gy/10 f,膀胱28 Gy/14 f,肿瘤40 Gy/20 f PF/单周G PF组:88%;G组:78%
Tester[39] (1996) T2-4aN02M0 90 CMV 2 盆腔39.6 Gy/22 f P 80%
Shipley[40] (1998) T2-4aNxM0 123 CMV/无 2 盆腔39.6 Gy/22 f P CMV:61%;无CMV组:55%
Kaufman[41] (2000) T2-4aNxM0 34 - - 盆腔24 Gy,3 Gy bid 4 d PF 67%
Hagan[42](2003) T2-4aN0M0 47 - - 膀胱和盆腔21.6 Gy,肿瘤40.8 Gy,12 d P 74%
Kaufman[43] (2009) T2-4aNxM0 81 - - 盆腔20.8 Gy,膀胱28.3Gy,肿瘤40.3 Gy,13 d TP 81%
Lagrange[44] (2011) T2-4aN0M0 53 - - 盆腔45 Gy/25 f PF NA
研究作者(年份) 巩固放疗 近期毒性(3级以上) 辅助治疗 远期毒性(3级以上) 生存率
Mitin[24] (2013) 盆腔24 Gy,1.5 Gy bid 8 d TP组:总24%,0%泌尿系,0%胃肠道;PF组:总的26%,10.6%泌尿系,6.4%胃肠道 GTP TP组:10.6%膀胱,2.2%胃肠道;PF组:4.3%膀胱,无胃肠道 TP组:5年OS 66%;PF组:5年OS 74%
Coen[25](2019) PF组:盆腔24 Gy,1.5 Gy bid 8 d;G组:盆腔24 Gy/12 f PF组:55%血液,6%泌尿系,6%胃肠道;G组:42%血液,6%泌尿系,9%胃肠道 GP - PF组:3年DMF78%;G组:3年DMF 84%
Tester[39] (1996) 肿瘤25.2 Gy/14 f 3%膀胱炎,1%腹泻 - 7.8%膀胱,1例膀胱出血行手术 5年OS 57%
Shipley[40] (1998) 肿瘤25.2 Gy/14 f NA - CMV:13%膀胱,8%胃肠道;无CMV:8%膀胱,5%胃肠道 5年OS 49%
Kaufman[41] (2000) 膀胱及肿瘤20 Gy,1.5 Gy bid 4 d 6%膀胱,15%胃肠 - 6%膀胱,9%胃肠 5年OS 53%
Hagan[42](2003) 盆腔24 Gy,1.5 Gy bid 8 d 4%膀胱,4%胃肠 CMV 13%膀胱,6%胃肠 5年OS 57%
Kaufman[43] (2009) 盆腔24 Gy,1.5 Gy bid 8 d 总的26%,4%泌尿系,15%胃肠 GP 4%膀胱,0%胃肠 5年OS 56%
Lagrange[44] (2011) 肿瘤18 Gy/10 f NA - 10%尿频,1例直肠炎出血,1例腹泻 8年OS 36%
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