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中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03) : 221 -225. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3253.2021.03.009

临床研究

后腹腔镜下右侧肾上腺切除术中央静脉解剖及变异特点分析
王方明1,(), 张桂铭2, 刘勇2, 孙立江2   
  1. 1. 100021 北京,国家癌症中心,国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院泌尿外科
    2. 266003 山东,青岛大学附属医院泌尿外科
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-21 出版日期:2021-06-01
  • 通信作者: 王方明

Characteristics of central adrenal vein anatomy and variability in retroperitoneal laparoscopic right adrenalectomy

Fangming Wang1,(), Guiming Zhang2, Yong Liu2, Lijiang Sun2   

  1. 1. Department of Urology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
    2. Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
  • Received:2020-04-21 Published:2021-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Fangming Wang
引用本文:

王方明, 张桂铭, 刘勇, 孙立江. 后腹腔镜下右侧肾上腺切除术中央静脉解剖及变异特点分析[J]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2021, 15(03): 221-225.

Fangming Wang, Guiming Zhang, Yong Liu, Lijiang Sun. Characteristics of central adrenal vein anatomy and variability in retroperitoneal laparoscopic right adrenalectomy[J]. Chinese Journal of Endourology(Electronic Edition), 2021, 15(03): 221-225.

目的

分析和总结后腹腔镜下右侧肾上腺中央静脉的解剖特点和变异情况,探讨后腹腔镜下处理该类血管安全和有效的方法。

方法

回顾分析2016年9月至2019年3月由同一术者完成的61例后腹腔镜右侧肾上腺切除术的患者资料。术中使用"三层面"技术进行肾上腺的解剖分离,以下腔静脉作为解剖标志,对右侧肾上腺中央静脉予以仔细充分的游离暴露后在直视下用Hem-o-lok夹闭离断。

结果

61例手术均成功完成,2例因肿瘤粘连严重中转开放。其中57例肾上腺中央静脉为正常解剖结构,而其中4例中央静脉有变异(6.56%),变异情况如下:仅有一支中央静脉汇入肝静脉1例;存在两支中央静脉,均汇入下腔静脉2例;存在两支中央静脉,一支直接汇入下腔静脉,另一支汇入肝静脉1例。术中1例出现腹膜破裂但未中转开放(1.64%),2例出现术后高热(>38.5℃) (3.28%),无其他并发症发生。平均手术时间(83±27)min,平均术后住院天数(3.52±0.77)d。术后病理示:皮质腺瘤53例(86.89%),囊肿4例(6.56%),嗜铬细胞瘤3例(4.92%),淋巴管瘤1例(1.64%)。

结论

熟悉后腹腔镜下右侧肾上腺的血管解剖以及变异情况对术中准确定位中央静脉至关重要,可以有效降低手术风险,保证手术的安全进行。

Objective

To analyze and summarize right central adrenal vein (CAV) anatomy characteristics and variability, and investigate the safe and efficient method to process CAVs in retroperitoneal laparoscopic right adrenalectomy (RLRA).

Methods

The clinical data of 61 patients who underwent RLRA performed by the same surgeon from September 2016 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. During operation, the "three-plane" technique was applied to dissect adrenal gland, the inferior vena cava (IVC) was used as an anatomical landmark to carefully search for and expose right CAV, then CAV was clipped with Hem-o-loks and transected under direct vision.

Results

All 61 operations were performed successfully with two conversion to open surgery due to adhesion. Among them, 57 patients had normal CAV anatomy, while 4 patients had CAV variants (6.56%): one CAV draining into hepatic vein (n=1), two CAVs draining into IVC (n=2), two CAVs draining separately into IVC and hepatic vein (n=1). Peritoneum perforation occurred in one case during operation (1.64%) without conversion to open surgery. Postoperative fever (>38.5℃) occurred in 2 patients (3.28%), no other complication occurred. The mean operative time was (83±27) minutes. The average postoperative hospital stay was (3.52±0.77) days. Postoperative pathological examination revealed: cortical adenoma in 53 cases (86.89%), adrenal cyst in 4 cases (6.56%), pheochromocytoma in 3 cases (4.92%), and lymphangioma in 1 case (1.64%).

Conclusions

Being familiar with CAV anatomy and variability is of utmost importance to accurately locate CAV during RLRA, which can effectively reduce surgery risk, and guarantee the safety of surgery.

表1 67例后腹腔镜下右侧肾上腺切除术患者临床资料
表2 不同诊断分组的临床病理特征
表3 右侧肾上腺中央静脉变异文献报道
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