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中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (01) : 68 -75. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3253.2025.01.013

临床研究

泌尿生殖系统脂肪肉瘤24例诊治分析及文献复习
李学杰1, 刘涛1, 王建峰1,()   
  1. 1.110001 沈阳,中国医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-06 出版日期:2025-02-01
  • 通信作者: 王建峰
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2507002)

Analysis of diagnosis and treatment of 24 cases of liposarcoma in the urogenital system and literature review

Xuejie Li1, Tao Liu1, Jianfeng Wang1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
  • Received:2023-02-06 Published:2025-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Jianfeng Wang
引用本文:

李学杰, 刘涛, 王建峰. 泌尿生殖系统脂肪肉瘤24例诊治分析及文献复习[J/OL]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(01): 68-75.

Xuejie Li, Tao Liu, Jianfeng Wang. Analysis of diagnosis and treatment of 24 cases of liposarcoma in the urogenital system and literature review[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Endourology(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(01): 68-75.

目的

探讨泌尿生殖系统脂肪肉瘤的诊断及治疗方法,提高对该疾病的全面认识,为临床治疗提供依据。

方法

回顾性分析2011年5月至2020年11月中国医科大学附属第一医院24例泌尿生殖系统脂肪肉瘤病例的临床特点、影像学表现、治疗、组织学诊断及预后。检索中国知网、万方、Pubmed等数据库对相关文献进行总结归纳。

结果

肾或肾周脂肪肉瘤患者15例,男性4例,女性11例,平均年龄(56±11)岁,精索脂肪肉瘤患者9例,平均年龄(64±8)岁。肾或肾周脂肪肉瘤的肿瘤直径为(11±4)cm,平扫CT值21(-7~36)Hu,增强CT值25(40~100)Hu;精索脂肪肉瘤的肿瘤直径(7.2±2.6)cm,平扫CT值20(-75~43)Hu,增强CT值35(-70~89)Hu。15例肾或肾周脂肪肉瘤的病灶均为巨块型,形态不规则,呈高、低混杂密度,1例(6.7%)可见脂肪成分,呈斑片状。9例精索脂肪肉瘤的病灶均为团块型,形态规则,边界清楚,呈中、低混杂密度,3例(33.3%)可见脂肪成分,呈团块状。本组病例中肾或肾周脂肪肉瘤的病理类型中去分化脂肪肉瘤11例(73.3%),黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤2例(13.3%),非典型脂肪瘤/高分化脂肪肉瘤1例(6.7%),多形脂肪肉瘤1例(6.7%)。精索脂肪肉瘤中非典型脂肪瘤/高分化脂肪肉瘤 5例(55.6%),去分化脂肪肉瘤4例(44.4%)。各标本免疫组化标记物表达中CDK4(+)占100%(5/5),vimentin(+)占100%(16/16),CD34(+)占70.6%(12/17),SMA(+)占33.3%(6/18),desmin(-)占9/9(100%),S-100(-)占64.7%(11/17)。荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测MDM2基因的扩增占3/4(75.0%)。随访时间7~120个月,平均(47±23)个月,24例泌尿生殖系统脂肪肉瘤患者中10例出现复发,6例接受了二次手术,其中5例存活,4例患者接受后续治疗(化疗或放疗)。随访期间死亡5例,均死于脂肪肉瘤复发,总平均生存时间为(38±17)个月。

结论

影像学检查对泌尿生殖系统脂肪肉瘤的诊断具有一定的价值。组织病理学、免疫组织化学和分子病理学在脂肪肉瘤的诊断中具有关键作用。脂肪肉瘤的主要的治疗方法是手术切除,预后主要受其病理亚型的影响。

Objective

To explore the diagnosis and treatment of liposarcoma of urogenital system, improve the comprehensive understanding of this disease and provide basis for clinical treatment.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was conducted to the clinical characteristics, imaging manifestations,treatment, histological diagnosis and prognosis of 24 cases of liposarcoma of the urogenital system in our hospital from May 2011 to November 2020. Related literatures were systematically analyzed summed up by searching cnKI, Wanfang, Pubmed and other databases. All patients signed informed consent, which was in line with medical ethics regulations.

Results

There were 15 patients with renal or perirenal liposarcoma, including 4 males and 11 females, with a mean age of (56±11) years, and 9 patients with spermatic cord liposarcoma with a mean age of (64±8) years. The tumor diameter of renal or perirenal liposarcoma was (11±4) cm, plain CT 21(-7-36) Hu, enhanced CT 25(40-100) Hu. The tumor diameter of liposarcoma of the sperm cord was (7.2±2.6) cm, plain CT 20(-75-43) Hu, enhanced CT 35(-70-89) Hu.The lesions of 15 patients with renal or perirenal liposarcoma were all large and irregular with high and low mixed density, and 1 case (6.7%) showed patular fat composition. The lesions of the 9 cases of liposarcoma of the spermatic cord were of mass type with regular morphology, clear boundary, medium to low mixed density, and 3 cases (33.3%) showed fat composition, which was mass. In this group of cases, pathological types of renal or perirenal liposarcoma included 11 cases (73.3%) of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, 2 cases(13.3%) of myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, 1 case (6.7%) of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma, and 1 case (6.7%) of pleomorphic liposarcoma, and liposarcoma of the spermatic cord included 5 cases (55.6%) of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma, 4 cases (44.4%)of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. CDK4 (+) accounted for 5/5 (100%), Vimentin (+) accounted for 16/16(100%), CD34 (+) accounted for 12/17 (70.6%), SMA (+) accounted for 6/18 (33.3%), Desmin (-)accounted for 9/9 (100%). S-100 (-) accounted for 11/17 (64.7%). The amplification of MDM2 gene detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) accounted for 3/4 (75%). The follow-up time ranged from 7 to 120 months, with an average of (47±23) months. Of the 24 patients with urogenital liposarcoma,10 recurred, 6 underwent secondary surgery, 5 survived, and 4 received follow-up treatment (chemotherapy or radiation). Five patients died of liposarcoma recurrence during the follow-up period, and the overall average survival time was (38±17) months.

Conclusion

Imaging examination has certain value in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease urogenital liposarcoma. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology play a key role in the diagnosis of liposarcoma. Surgical resection is the main treatment for liposarcoma and its prognosis is mainly affected by its pathological subtypes.

图1 左肾周脂肪肉瘤与右精索脂肪肉瘤CT表现 注:a为左肾周脂肪肉瘤病例,CT见左肾周围有巨大不规则肿物(14.0 cm×9.8 cm×17.0 cm,红色箭头示),边界清楚,隔清,平扫CT值为21Hu,增强CT值为35Hu,中隔可见强化(白色箭头示),肿块与左肾、左肾动静脉、胰尾界限不清,相邻器官明显移位,腹膜后未见肿大淋巴结;b为右精索脂肪肉瘤病例,CT见右侧精索周围可见肿块(7.0 cm×6.5 cm,蓝色箭头示),平扫CT值为41Hu, 增强CT值为89 Hu,肿瘤周围见弯曲的血管
表1 15例肾或肾周脂肪肉瘤患者的临床特点
病例 年龄(岁) 性别 症状 侧别 单发或多发 病变位置 肿瘤最大径(cm) CT值(Hu) 侵袭 外科治疗 随访结果
平扫 增强
1 76 单发 肾周脂肪 8.0 33 74 PN 未复发
2 67 疼痛 单发 肾周脂肪 15.0 25 49 PN 20个月复发,再次手术治疗,治疗6个月后死亡
3 53 单发 肾周脂肪 8.5 15 45 PN 未复发
4 63 双侧 多发 肾周脂肪 7.7 13 40 进行化疗,未复发
5 63 单发 肾周脂肪 17.2 -7 20 PN 2个月复发,未再进行手术治疗,1个月后死亡
6 49 疼痛 单发 肾窦 6.0 10 100 PN 未复发
7 54 疼痛 多发 肾周脂肪 18.4 22 36 肾动脉 RORT 18个月复发,未再进行手术治疗,5个月后死亡
8 63 疼痛 单发 肾周脂肪 11.7 14 57 肾与脾脏 RN+SPL 未复发
9 66 单发 肾周脂肪 7.0 11 29 PN 未复发
10 54 多发 肾周脂肪 9.2 30 65 肾与肾上腺 RN 22个月复发,进行化疗后未复发
11 51 单发 肾周脂肪 17.0 21 35 肾上腺 RORT 17个月复发,进行化疗后未复发
12 48 单发 肾周脂肪 7.0 10 32 肾上腺 RORT 未复发
13 54 单发 肾周脂肪 15.0 24 33 PN 20个月复发,再次手术治疗,治疗8个月后死亡
14 56 疼痛 单发 肾周脂肪 7.5 30 50 肾与肾上腺 RN 未复发
15 25 疼痛 单发 肾周脂肪 11.4 36 97 肾上腺 RORT 19个月复发,再次手术治疗后未复发
表2 9例精索脂肪肉瘤患者的临床特点
图2 脂肪肉瘤组织病理、免疫组化及荧光原位杂交结果 注:a为精索脂肪肉瘤病例,镜下见肿瘤细胞梭形,呈束状分布,细胞核染色较深,可见有丝分裂像(HE×200),免疫组化显示MDM2(-),Vimentin(+),CD34(-),SMA(-),S-100(+)(IHC×200);b为肾或肾周脂肪肉瘤病例,镜下见细胞排列松散,多形性明显,局部背景为黏液样,间质中可见大量胶原纤维(HE×200),免疫组化显示CDK4(++),Vimentin(+),CD34(-),SMA(-),S-100(-) (IHC×200);c为肿瘤荧光原位杂交结果显示MDM2基因扩增(+)
表3 24例泌尿生殖系统脂肪肉瘤的病理分型、免疫组化标记
病例 病理分型 免疫组化标记物
RPL1 DDLS CDK4(+),Vimentin(+),SMA(-),CD34(+),S-100(+),Desmin(-)
RPL2 DDLS MDM2基因扩增(+)
RPL3 DDLS Vimentin(+),SMA(-),CD34(-),S-100(-)
RPL4 DDLS Vimentin(+),SMA(+),CD34(+),S-100(+),Desmin(-)
RPL5 PLS MDM2基因扩增(-)
RPL6 MRLS Vimentin(+),SMA(+),CD34(+),S-100(-)
RPL7 DDLS Vimentin(+),SMA(-),CD34(+),S-100(-)
RPL8 DDLS Vimentin(+),SMA(+),CD34(+),S-100(-)
RPL9 DDLS CDK4(+),MDM2(+),Vimentin(+),SMA(+),CD34(+),S-100(+),Desmin(-)
RPL10 DDLS SMA(-),CD34(-),S-100(+),Desmin(-)
RPL11 DDLS CDK4(++),Vimentin(+),SMA(-),CD34(-),S-100(-)
RPL12 ALT/WDLS CDK4(+),CD34(+),S-100(-),Vimentin(+),SMA(-),Desmin(-)
RPL13 MRLS Vimentin(+),SMA(-),CD34(+),S-100(-)
RPL14 DDLS Vimentin(+),SMA(-),S-100(-)
RPL15 DDLS Vimentin(+),SMA(-),CD34(+),S-100(+),Desmin(-)
LSC1 DDLS MDM2基因扩增(+),SMA(-),CD34(-),S-100(-),Desmin(-)
LSC2 ALT/WDLS
LSC3 ALT/WDLS CD34(+),Vimentin(+),SMA(+)
LSC4 ALT/WDLS CDK4(+),MDM2(+)
LSC5 DDLS Vimentin(+),MDM2(-),SMA(-),CD34(-),S-100(+),Desmin(-)
LSC6 ALT/WDLS MDM2基因扩增(+)
LSC7 DDLS Vimentin(+),SMA(-),CD34(+),S-100(-),Desmin(-)
LSC8 DDLS Vimentin(+),SMA(+),CD34(+),S-100(-)
LSC9 ALT/WDLS
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