近年来受环境污染、饮食变化等因素影响，前列腺癌（PCa）发病率逐渐升高，影响男性健康及生命安全，而早期准确的诊治是延长患者生存时间的关键。既往采用前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）对PCa 进行诊断，但其易受年龄及炎症影响出现误诊，继而需进行穿刺活检，而穿刺活检存在一定创伤，故急需新的生物标志物来提高对PCa 的临床诊断，并指导治疗决策。外泌体属于细胞外囊泡的一个亚类，可作为细胞间信息传递的载体，已有研究表明外泌体中含有对PCa 进展至关重要的多种蛋白质及RNA，在PCa 诊断方面具有潜力。本文综述了外泌体生物学特性，及其在PCa 发展中的作用，并阐述其在PCa 诊断、治疗方面的应用前景。

In recent years，due to environmental pollution，dietary changes and other factors，the incidence rate of prostate cancer （PCa） has gradually increased，affecting male's health and life expectancy.Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment are keys to prolonging the survival time of patients.Previously，prostate-specific antigen （PSA） was used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer （PCa），but it was prone to misdiagnosis due to factors such as age and inflammation，necessitating biopsy.However，biopsy is invasive，so new biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the clinical diagnosis of PCa and guide treatment decisions.Exosomes belong to a subclass of extracellular vesicles and can serve as carriers for intercellular information transmission.Previous studies have shown that exosomes contain various proteins and RNAs that are crucial for the progression of PCa，and have potential in PCa diagnosis.This article reviews the biological characteristics of exosomes，their role in the development of PCa，and elaborates on their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.