To investigate the clinical efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy for single renal pelvic calculi(>3 cm).

Eighty cases with large and single renal pelvic calculi in our hospital were divided into a control group and an experimental group from Angust 2013 to Angust 2015. Patients in the control group were treated with single channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy, whereas those in the experimental group were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy. The operation duration, bleeding volume, recovery time of intestinal tract, drainage time, hospital stay, hospitalization expenses of the two groups were observed and compared. The percentage of patients using painkillers, rate of stone clearance and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.

Percentage of patients using painkillers in the experimental group was 5.00%, less than that in the control group, which was 22.50%(P<0.05). The rate of stone clearance in the experimental group was 100%, higher than that in the control group, which was 82.50%(P<0.05). The operation duration and hospitalization expenses in the experimental group were longer and higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The amount of bleeding, recovery time of intestinal tract, drainage time and hospital stay in experimental group were less than those in control group(P<0.01). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was less than that in the control group(P<0.01).

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is effective for large and single renal pelvic calculi, with advantages of higher removal rate, less bleeding, shorter hospital stay and less postoperative complications.