To report the preliminary experience of retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of retrocaval ureter and right kidney stones, and explore the surgical skills and clinical efficacy.

The therapeutic strategy of two patients with retrocaval ureter and right kidney stones was reported and analyzed. In the CT urography of two patients, the right ureter showed a typical S-type change combined with right kidney stones. These patients were underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroplasty and flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

Two patients were diagnosed clearly and the procedures were successful. There was no conversion to open surgery, the operation time was 115 min and 108 min respectively. The intraoperative blood loss was 30 ml and 20 ml respectively. The intestinal function was restored on the first postoperative day. The right perirenal drainage tubes were removed on the third day after the operation. There was no residual stone in right kidney, and the double J stents were in normal position showed by KUB. The patients were discharged on the 5th day and the stents were removed in one month after operation.

Retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with flexible ureteroscopy should be considered to be the first-line treatment for retrocaval ureter and right kidney stones.