To investigate the predictive value of anteroposterior diameter of renal pelvis and ultrasound score before and after birth for ureteropelvic resection in children with unilateral hydronephrosis after birth, and to compare the predictive effect of the two indicators.

The clinical data of 147 children with unilateral hydronephrosis in the Department of Urology, Pediatrics and Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The children with unilateral hydronephrosis were divided into observation group (n=67) and operation group (n=80) according to whether surgical intervention was performed after birth, and the differences in clinical data between the two groups were compared. ROC curves were used to analyze the predictive effect of APD of renal pelvis and ultrasound scores on the need for surgical intervention in the second trimester, third trimester, and 48 hours after birth of the children, and the predictive value of the two indicators was compared.

There was no significant difference in sex and side of hydronephrosis between the two groups (P>0.05). The APD of renal pelvis and ultrasound scores in the second trimester, third trimester and 48 hours after birth in the operation group were greater than those in the observation group (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that both APD of renal pelvis and ultrasound scores at three different periods had good predictive effects for the need for surgical intervention (P<0.001). In the second trimester, third trimester and 48 hours after birth, the area under the ROC curve for the prediction of the need for surgical intervention was 0.882, 0.965 and 0.961 when the APD of renal pelvis of the children was 7.5 mm, 13.5 mm and 14.5 mm as the best predictive value, respectively; in the second trimester, third trimester and 48 hours after birth, the area under the ROC curve for the prediction of the need for surgical intervention was 0.931, 0.982 and 0.995 when the ultrasound score of the children was 1.5, 5.5 and 6.5 as the best predictive value, respectively. Among them, the prediction effect of ultrasound score was better than that of APD of renal pelvis, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

The APD of renal pelvis and ultrasound score in children with unilateral hydronephrosis in the second trimester, third trimester and 48 hours after birth have a good predictive value for the need of surgical intervention. The ultrasound score value, as a comprehensive index, is superior to the APD of renal pelvis for the need of surgical intervention.