Patients with malignant tumors of the urinary system often exhibit insufficient preoperative cardiopulmonary function and muscle reserve due to their own physiological and psychological factors. This diminished reserve capacity weakens their adaptive response to surgical stress, thereby consequently affecting the postoperative recovery process. As a beneficial supplement of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS), prehabilitation emphasizes taking the preoperative stage as the intervention opportunity, and adopts single or multiple intervention measures to optimize the preoperative organ function of patients, improve the tolerance and adaptation of surgical trauma, and change the postoperative outcome. This article reviewed the necessity, contents and effects of prehabilitation in patients with urological malignancies, and provided reference for further promotion of prehabilitation in China.