To investigate the distribution and clinical significance of fused renal pyramid in human kidney.

The occurrence of conical fusion in 260 cases of flexible ureteroscope and 52 cases of non-functional nephrectomy specimens from January 2018 to December 2019 in our department was observed, and the distribution and degree of fusion in the upper, middle and lower calyx were analyzed.

The results observed by the two methods were consistent. Under flexible ureteroscope and in non-functional kidney, the fused renal pyramid in the upper, middle and lower calyxes was 72.7%, 22.7%, 69.2% and 71.2%, 21.2%, 67.3%, respectively, and the distribution differences were statistically significant. In the upper, middle and lower calyxes, the proportion of conical fusion with 2 renal pyramid and 3 or more was 38.1% and 61.9%, 89.8% and 10.2%, 51.7% and 48.3%, respectively (P<0.001), and that was 35.1% and 64.9%, 90.9% and 9.1%, 45.7% and 54.3% in the nonfunctional kidneys (P=0.005).

The fused renal pyramid is widespread in human kidney, and the proportion of calyx distribution and degree of fusion are significantly lower in the middle group. Therefore, the establishment of percutaneous renal channels in the middle group is conducive to reducing the risk of bleeding caused by the injury of ectopic vessels in the fused renal cone.