To collect urine bacterial spectrum and drug sensitivity information of patients with urinary calculi, and to investigate their clinical characteristics then guide clinical medication.

175 patients with urinary calculi in Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of clean midstream urine culture were positive in all patients. The urine bacteria profile and drug sensitivity characteristics of patients with different genders and stone sites were compared, and the differences were analyzed.

Among 175 cases of pathogenic bacteria, 130 strains (74.3%) were gram-negative and 45 strains (25.7%) were gram-positive. The most common 5 strains were escherichia coli (60 strains, 34.2%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (25 strains, 14.2%), enterococcus faecalis (16 strains, 9.1%), klebsiella pneumoniae (16 strains, 9.1%), and proteus singular (15 strains, 8.6%). The proportions of escherichia coli 37 strains (40.2%) and proteus mirabilis 11 strains (12.0%) in female patients were significantly higher than those in male patients of 23 strains (27.7%) and 4 strains (4.8%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportion of 16 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.3%) and 14 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae (16.9%) in male patients was significantly higher than those in female patients of 9 strains (10.0%) and 2 strains (2.2%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the main bacterial spectrum between upper urinary tract calculi and lower urinary tract calculi. The drug sensitivity results showed that the main gram-negative bacteria had higher resistance to Ambenicillin/Sulbactam, Cefazolin, Cefuroxime and Ciprofloxacin, but higher sensitivity to Imipenem, Kanamycin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Cefoperazone/Sulbactam. The main gram-positive bacteria had higher resistance to Clindamycin, Erythromycin and Levofloxacin, but higher sensitivity to Vancomycin, Teicoranin and Linezolid.

Escherichia coli is the predominant bacteria in urolithiasis patients in Songjiang area of Shanghai, and there are differences among different genders, while there are no significant differences in the main bacteria in upper and lower urolithiasis. The results of drug sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria differ greatly, so it is necessary to strengthen pathogenic detection and rational use of antibiotics.