Progress in diagnosis and treatment of nutcracker syndrome

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-3253.2025.06.016

Abstract

Abstract:

Nutcracker Syndrome (NCS) is a condition characterized by a variety of symptoms caused by the compression of the left renal vein by the angle between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery or the spine. The clinical manifestations of NCS are diverse and lack specificity. Although advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of NCS, controversies remain regarding its diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and surgical indications. This article reviews recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of NCS, highlights the role of advances in surgical techniques in providing more treatment options for patients, and serves as a reference for clinicians.

Key words: Nutcracker syndrome, Left renal vein stenosis, Endovascular procedures, Minimally invasive surgical procedures, Precision diagnosis

Zifeng Xu, Zhansen Huang, Jinming Di. Progress in diagnosis and treatment of nutcracker syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Endourology(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(06): 784-791.

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References 84

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