Calyceal diverticulum is a relatively rare congenital renal malformation with an incidence of 0.21%-0.45%, frequently accompanied by stone formation, which may cause pain, hematuria, or recurrent urinary tract infections. Treatment options include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL), laparoscopic surgery, and traditional open surgery. With advances in minimally invasive techniques, PCNL and FURL have become the primary treatment modalities, though optimal surgical selection remains controversial. The advantages of PCNL including high stone clearance rates (87.5%-100%) and diverticular closure rates (76%-100%) through diverticular wall fulguration or neck incision, but carries risks of bleeding, renal parenchymal injury, and prolonged recovery. FURL demonstrates minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and reduced postoperative inflammatory response with high stone clearance rates, particularly suitable for stones <2 cm in the upper-middle calyces, though challenging for lower calyceal or narrow-necked diverticula. This article aims to review the progress in minimally invasive treatment of calyceal diverticulum stones.