Urological diseases commonly cause dysuria, local pain and other symptoms, and conventional drug treatment has certain limitations. With the advantages of minimal invasiveness, safety and adjustability, electrophysiological techniques have been widely used in various clinical departments. This article systematically reviews the application status and research progress of electrophysiological monitoring, electrophysiological therapy, combined therapies and novel electrophysiological technologies in urology. Electrophysiological monitoring can be applied to preoperative functional evaluation and intraoperative nerve protection, which effectively reduces the risk of surgical complications. Therapies including spinal cord stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation have achieved satisfactory effects on overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, chronic prostatitis, and male diseases, as well as postoperative rehabilitation. The combination of electrophysiological techniques with western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture can further improve the therapeutic efficacy. In addition, new technologies such as visualized precise electrophysiology, novel electrode materials and deep brain stimulation are under continuous exploration. At present, there are still some challenges in this field, including unclear action mechanisms, lack of unified treatment protocols and insufficient positioning accuracy. Further researches focusing on action mechanisms, optimization of stimulation parameters, development of electrode materials and targeted precise therapy are required in the future, so as to promote the standardized and precise clinical application of electrophysiological techniques in urology.