To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of the rare but serious renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) after partial nephrectomy.

This paper reported the clinical data of a case of RAP after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in our department in August 2019, and reviewed relevant literature to analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of RAP.

The male patient, 77 years old, was admitted to the hospital because of finding left renal tumor for 1 month. Preoperative diagnosis was left renal tumor with high possibility of malignancy. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed. Postoperative pathological results showed clear cell carcinoma of the left kidney with intact capsule. Painless gross hematuria occurred on the 8th day after the operation, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography suggested the left renal pseudoaneurysm. The diagnosis was confirmed by renal arteriography and super-selective renal artery embolization was performed at the same time. After successful embolization of the tumor carrier artery, the patient had no recurrence of hematuria and was discharged successfully.

RAP is a rare but serious complication after partial nephrectomy, suspected patients should be screened by contrast-enhanced ultrasound as soon as possible, and ultra-selective renal artery embolization is safe and effective therapy for RAP.