To investigate the inflammatory status of prostate tissue in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by HIV infection/AIDS and to evaluate the impact of antiviral therapy on prostatitis.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of surgical patients with BPH and HIV infection/AIDS treated in our hospital. Based on whether the patients received preoperative antiviral therapy, they were divided into two groups: the untreated group and the treated group. The untreated group had significantly elevated HIV-RNA levels, while the treated group had HIV-RNA levels below the detection limit. Each group consisted of 12 patients. The degree of prostate tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration were compared between the two groups.

Both groups exhibited varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration in the prostate tissue. The untreated group had a moderate to severe inflammation rate of 83.33%, compared to 25.00% in the treated group, indicating a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In areas with significant inflammatory responses, whether in the glands, periglandular regions, or stroma, a large number of CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺T cells were observed, with CD8⁺T cells being the predominant infiltrating cells.

Patients with BPH and HIV/AIDS often have concurrent prostatitis, and antiviral therapy can to some extent reduce the inflammatory levels in prostate tissue.