通过输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石取石术及微通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术治疗肾结石（≤2 cm）对比研究，探讨输尿管软镜下取石术在中小体积肾结石微创治疗中的优势与价值。

回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月在赣南医学院第三附属医院行肾结石（≤2 cm）手术治疗的283例患者病历资料，其中采用输尿管软镜下取石术治疗137例，采用微通道经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗146例。比较两种碎石术的结石清除率、平均手术时间、术后下床活动时间、平均住院时间、术后血红蛋白下降水平以及术后各种并发症。

输尿管软镜下取石术组术后下床活动时间、平均住院时间、术后血红蛋白下降水平及手术时间都明显低于微通道经皮肾镜取石术组（6.7±1.4）h vs（14.6±2.1）h，（49±5）h vs（120±19）h，（3.9±0.7）g/L vs （19.5±12.0）g/L，（36±14）h vs（54±17）h，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；术后两者结石清除率分别为95.89%和94.89%（χ²=0.150，P=0.699），差异无统计意义（P=0.687）；两者并发症发生率差异无统计意义（χ²=0.150，P>0.05）。

运用输尿管软镜下取石术治疗肾结石（≤2 cm），具有手术所需时间短，创伤小，术中出血量少，术后恢复快等优点。

To assess and compare the security, efficacy bewteen holmium laser lithotripsy of microchannel percutaneous nephro1ithotomy(MPCNL) and holmium laser lithotripsy of flexible ureteroscope (F-URL) for renal calculi (≤2 cm).

The 283 patients with kidney stones (≤2 cm) were analyzed in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015. 137 patients were treated by F-URL, 146 patients were treated by MPCNL. The stone-free rate, average operation time, time for exercise after operation, average length of stay at hospital, postoperative haemoglobin levels and postoperative complications were evaluated.

Average operation time, time for exercise after operation, average length of stay at hospital, postoperative haemoglobin levels of F-URL _{group were significantly lower than MPCNL group (6.7±1.4) h} vs _{(14.6±2.1) h}, ₍49±5) h vs (120±19) h, (3.9±0.7) g/L vs (19.5±12.0) g/L, (36±14) h vs (54±17) h, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). The differences of stone-free rate in the two groups were not statistically significant (95.89% vs 94.89%, χ²=0.150, P=0.699) , and the differences of postoperative complications rate in the two groups were not statistically significant (χ²=0.150, P=0.687).

The F-URL on kidney stones (≤2cm) can obtain satisfactory curative effect for patients with one renal calculus, which has less operation time, less trauma, less bleeding, less postoperative hospital stay.